Influence of Landscape Structure on Toucans and Parrots in the Fragmented Landscape of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico

Background and Research Aims: Habitat amount plays an important role in determining the presence abundance of bird species modified landscapes, whereas habitat fragmentation has shown little effects. Toucans (Ramphastidae) parrots (Psittacidae) are large-bodied primary consumers among most representative birds Neotropical forests. They highly sensitive to loss; nevertheless, their response been poorly assessed leading contradictory results. Here, we evaluate influence landscape structure on toucans tropical forest Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Methods: We censused 12 landscapes Tuxtlas used a multi-scale approach assess composition configuration number individuals parrots. Results: found that positive predictor was cover landscape. Forest had effects toucan individuals, negative responses patch density but edge Conclusion: Our results suggest loss is main threat for Tuxtlas. Implications conservation: Future conservation land management must consider protection large small remnants avoid additional order preserve functional roles human-modified landscapes.